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English Ўзбек
I think all that is possible in current circumstances, provided that the reform process doesn’t run out of steam Ислоҳотлар жараёни тўхтаб қолмаса, ҳозирги шароитда ҳамма нарсага эришса бўлади
How did you start researching female heroines of the Mughal Empire? How did it all begin? Сиз Буюк Мўғуллар Империяси қаҳрамон аёллари ҳаётини қандай тадқиқ қила бошлагансиз? Бу иш қандай бошланган эди?
I had two small daughters, and I was just thinking of stories to tell them, and I was reading all the popular books that we have in India 2 нафар қизим бор. Улар кичиклигида уларга қандай воқеалар баёнини сўзлаб бериш ҳақида кўп ўйлаганман ва Ҳиндистонда мавжуд барча машҳур китобларни ўқиб берганман
So that was troubling me a little bit and I thought there must be other women from history or maybe from the epics that are culturally Indian symbols, but a bit different from the ones we are normally shown Бу мени бироз хавотирга солиб келаётган эди ва мен, бизга кўрсатилаётганидан бироз фарқ қиладиган ва ҳиндларнинг маданий рамзи бўлган тарихий ёки афсоналар қаҳрамони бўлган аёллар бўлиши керак–ку, деб ўйлаб қолдим
Maybe we could show that you do not have to be like Sita—that obeying your husband’s commands and being sexually chaste is not the only way to be a good Indian woman Эҳтимол шунда биз бундай         аёл эрининг буйруқларига сўзсиз бўйсунадиган ва жинсий жозибадорлик жиҳатидан иффатли Ситага ўхшаши шарт эмаслиги ва яхши ҳинд аёли бўлишнинг ягона йўли эмаслигини кўрсатиб берган бўлар эдик
And that’s really how the idea started and that’s how I found Raziya Sultan, one of the great Indian women that we do not talk about enough considering how extraordinary she was Ғоя шундай пайдо бўлди, айнан шу тариқа у ғайриоддий аёл бўлганини ҳисобга олсак, кам гапирадиганимиз, буюк ҳинд аёлларидан бири Розия Султонни топдим
Generally speaking, how were women viewed in these periods? Did anything change with the arrival of Mughals? Умуман олганда, ўша даврларда аёлларга муносабат қандай бўлган? Буюк Мўғуллар келиши билан нималардир ўзгарганми?
From the age of the Buddha, we can note that it was with great reluctance that women were allowed to join the Sangha and become nuns Қайд этишимиз мумкинки, Будда замонларидан бошлаб, аёлларга Сангҳага[1] кириш ва роҳиба бўлишга унчалик рўйхушлик бермай ижозат этилган
With the arrival of the Mughals, and especially from the time of Akbar onwards, this system of purdah became de rigueur among elite women, Hindu and Muslim alike, because Akbar married into Rajput houses Буюк мўғуллар келиши, айниқса, Акбар замонидан бошлаб, мана шу пурда тизимини ҳам ҳинди, ҳам мусулмон зодагон аёллари учун бажариш мажбурий эди, чунки Акбар ражпутлар билан қариндош бўлган
But Draupadi is acknowledged to be learned (she is called a pandita) and virtuous but also argumentative, dismissive and critical of her husbands, and volatile Аммо Драупади олима (у пандит аёл деб аталади) ва яхши фазилатларга ҳам эга, аммо шу билан бирга, у баҳсларга, эркакларига танқидий фикр билдиришга мойил, шунингдек, айнимачи шахс, деб ҳисобланади
She spent one night waiting and she pretended to be very happy and accepting of all of this—and then when that man entered her room, she and all her maidservants got hold of him and threw him out of the window, and he hit the ground and he died У бир тунни кутиш билан ўтказади ва ўзини булар барчасидан хурсанд экандай қилиб кўрсатади. Аммо ўша киши хонасига киргандан сўнг Эсон Давлатбегим жориялари билан уни тутиб олиб, деразадан улоқтириб юборади ва у ерга урилиб, ҳалок бўлади
And the ruler was really shocked; he said, “What have you done?! You have killed my nobleman Ҳукмдор чиндан ҳам ларзага тушади ва сўрайди: “Нима қилиб қўйдинг? Сен менинг амалдоримни ўлдириб қўйдинг”
And amazingly, after all these years, Babur took her back into his court and he made her Padshah Begum—that is, she was the most senior woman of the Harem and she was the one who controlled the administration and the running of the Harem Қизиғи шундаки, шунча йиллардан сўнг Бобур уни қайтиб ўз саройга олади ва уни подшоҳбегим қилиб тайинлайди, яъни у ҳарамнинг энг ёши катта аёли эди ва ҳарам бошқарувини назорат қилади
It almost came as a shock to learn this because in Indian society we usually view divorced and widowed women as somehow not deserving of the same respect as married women Хонзодабегим бошидан кечирганлари олдин деярли кузатилмаган, чунки биз одатда ҳинд жамиятида эри билан ажрашган ва бева қолган аёлларга эрлик аёллар сингари ҳурматга сазовор бўлмаганини кўрамиз
It was expensive to educate people—you had to call tutors, you had to get people in to teach them—and these women were extremely educated Масалан, Гулбаданбегим Акбарнинг таржимаи ҳолини ёзган
She started writing it and she wrote all her memories of Humayun and Emperor Babur Билишимча, мусулмон аёл ўша асрдаги ҳарам ҳаёти билан боғлаб таржимаи ҳол ёзиши бармоқ билан санарли ҳолатлардан бири эди
Historians tend not to use it as much as all the male sources of writing Одатда тарихчилар эркаклар ёзган барча манбалар қатори ундан кўп фойдаланмайди
So this was also something that I thought was very important to talk about: that all this effort was made to educate these women Мен мана шу ҳақда кўпроқ гаплашиш кераклигини ва бу аёллар таълим олиши учун қандай саъй–ҳаракатлар қилинганини ўйладим
After all, these were men who had come from Central Asia Улар Марказий Осиёдан келган эркаклар бўлган

So it was a time of great uncertainty and it was incredibly difficult to rule for any length of time because you had to balance all these different factions and manage to keep everybody more or less happy

Шунга кўра, бу улкан мавҳумлик даври эди, ҳокимиятни қўлда тутиб қолиш осон бўлмаган, чунки мана шу турли томонларни мувозанатда ушлаб туриш ва ҳаммани у ёки бу даражада рози қилиш керак эди